#Arch linux Install [Beginners' guide]: https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Beginners'_guide "Beginners' guide" [Archlinux download]: https://www.archlinux.org/download/ "archlinux download" [Install from existing linux]: https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Install_from_existing_Linux "install from existing linux" # partition ![beginner's guide][Beginners' guide] 准备好两个分区用于root分区和boot分区 我的root分区为/dev/sda9 boot分区为/dev/sda8 由于我的笔记本支持UEFI, 所以boot分区类型为ESP # install from exsiting linux 参考archlinux.org上的wiki ![download image from archlinux][Archlinux download] ![install archlinux from existing linux][Install from existing linux] 在现有的linux发行版上使用arch-bootstrap安装archlinux 原理: 将磁盘mount到宿主机上,通过chroot环境安装软件 当前的环境: fedora23 runs on laptop(support UEFI) download archlinux-bootstrap-2016.01.01-x86_64.tar.gz ## setup the chroot environment tar xzvf archlinux-bootstrap-2016.01.01-x86_64.tar.gz -C /tmp/ 1. change to the chroot environment: sudo /tmp/root.x86_64/bin/arch-chroot /tmp/root.x86_64/ 2. initial the choroot environment pacman-key --init pcman-key --populate archlinux mount /dev/sda9 /mnt/ mount /dev/sda8 /boot /dev/sda9是为archlinux准备好的root分区 /dev/sda8是为archlinux准备好的boot分区,分区类型为ESP 从host环境编辑/tmp/root.x86_64/etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist, 选择软件源 3. install the base system pacstrap /mnt base 配置分区表: genfstab -p /mnt/ >> /mnt/etc/fstab 修改生成的fstab chroot to the new system: arch-chroot /mnt 4. configure the new system 设置hostname: echo ThinkpadE540 > /etc/hostname 设置时区: ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Chongqing /etc/localtime 配置locale: 编辑/etc/locale.gen, uncomment 其中的 en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8 zh_CN.UTF-8 UTF-8 locale-gen echo "LANG=en_US.UTF-8" > /etc/locale.conf mkinitcpio -p linux 设置root用户密码,并添加新用户 使用passwd设置root账户密码 useradd -c caodan -m -d /home/caodan caodan 安装bash命令补全工具: pacman -S bash-completion 关闭tab补全时蜂鸣器的叫声: 修改 /etc/inputrc, uncoment the "set bell-style none" 安装base-devel, 包含make, gcc, autoconf 以及常用的命令 pacman -S base-devel 5. configure the wireless network pacman -S iw wpa_supplicant 使用netctl自动连接网络: netctl在base里面,所以不需要额外安装 /etc/netctl/examples/下面有很多配置文件的示例, 拷贝一个到 /etc/netctl/ 例如我的配置文件为 /etc/netctl/wireless-haha $ cat wireless-haha Description='haha WPA encrypted wireless connection' Interface=wlp5s0 Connection=wireless Security=wpa IP=dhcp ESSID='haha' # Prepend hexadecimal keys with \" # If your key starts with ", write it as '"""' # See also: the section on special quoting rules in netctl.profile(5) Key='xingxing' # Uncomment this if your ssid is hidden Hidden=yes # Set a priority for automatic profile selection Priority=2 6. install bootloader 由于boot分区为EFI system partition, 支持安装systemd-boot 安装systemd-boot: bootctl --path=/boot install 添加启动项: 在/boot/loader/entries目录下添加配置文件arch.conf $ cat /boot/loader/entries/arch.conf title Arch Linux linux /vmlinuz-linux initrd /initramfs-linux.img options root=PARTUUID=60914ef3-2e1e-4610-9eb3-3412b8a80e86 rw 修改/boot/loader/loader.conf如下: timeout 3 default arch 经过上面的步骤,一个基本archlinux环境已经安装好了 输入exit 从chroot环境退出, 重启之后就可以通过systemd-boot进入archlinux # install the desktop X.org提供了X Window System的一种开源实现,开发工作和freedesptop.org社区共同完成 Xorg是X window system的开源实现。X window system并不是一个软件,而是一个协议。这个协定定义了一个系统成品所必须具备的功能 在安装桌面环境之前必须先安装Xorg 或者Wayland(作为Xorg的替代) 1. install Xorg pacman -S xorg-server xorg-server-utils 2. install drivers `https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Xorg` 显卡驱动: NVIDIA可以安装nouveau (Open Source 2D acceleration driver for nVidia cards) pacman -S xf86-video-nouveau 输入设备: pacman -S xf86-input-evdev 触摸板: pacman -S xf86-input-synaptics 3. install desktop environments 安装GNOME3 pacman -S gnome 设置systemd启动display-manager ln -s /usr/lib/systemd/system/gdm.service display-manager.service # input method install fonts: pacman -S ttf-dejavu pacman -S wqy-microhei wqy-zenhei install fcitx: pacman -S fcitx-im pacman -S fcitx-googlepinyin 通过fcitx-configtool添加输入法 配置~/.xprofile $ cat .xprofile export LC_CTYPE="zh_CN.utf8" export GTK_IM_MODULE=fcitx export QT_IM_MODULE=fcitx export XMODIFIERS="@im=fcitx" 一定要将LC_CTYPE设置为"zh_CN.utf8", 如果中文输入法不能启动,可以用fcitx-diagnose进行诊断